Artists study the figure to learn how to represent
it. They draw from life to learn the anatomy or to provide a basis
for finished paintings or sculpture.
Since the invention of photography
artists have also used photographs to provide visual information, to study
movement and to inspire their art.
Michaelangelo used many life drawings to prepare for the monumental
task of painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. This is one of the few surviving
sketches from the project. He used this sketch of a man as the basis for the female Libyan Sibyl.
The Drawings of Michelangelo and his Followers in the Ashmolean Museum
In the 1880's Edgar Degas experimented with the new
photographic medium to make reference materials for his drawings,
paintings and sculpture. The pastel on the right shows the influence
of the forshortening, unusual camera angles and spontaneity of the camera.
Degas : The Man and His Art (Discoveries)
Degas' Drawings (Paperback) Carefully reproduced from a rare 1923 limited edition, most of these magnificent drawings are unavailable elsewhere in published form. Dancers, nudes, portraits, travel scenes, and more. 100 drawings, including 8 in full color.
Henri Matisse (1869-1954) Nu dans l'atelier (1898)
Henri Matisse. Male Model. 1900. Oil on canvas. The Museum of Modern Arts, New York, NY, USA
Olga's Gallery - Henri Matisse (1869-1954)
Matisse / Nude at the Mirror (1937)
Marthe Bonnard, model for the artist Pierre Bonnard
An out of print book of Pierre Bonnard's photographs.
Pierre Bonnard Photographe
Bonnard And the Nabis
by Alberts Kostenevitch

Here's a popular book on drawing the figure The Artist's Complete Guide to Figure Drawing by Anthony Ryder.
Renaissance Self-Portraiture: The Visual Construction of Identity and the Social Status of the Artist
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